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Books 1350
Books, an everyday commodity for us, were a precious resource in the 14th century. The only way to reproduce a book was to copy it and this was a slow and laborious task. Religious books were often exquisitely illustrated and to finish a book, required artistic as well as literary talent. The extract below from the Barnwell Observances (BL Harley MS 3601), the rule book for an Augustinian House just outside The Librarian who is called the Precentor is to take charge of the books of the Church; all which he should keep and know under their separate titles and he should often examine them carefully to prevent any damage or harm from insects or decay. He should also at the beginning of Lent in each year, show them to the convent in Chapter, when the souls of those who have given them to the Church or of the brethren who have written (copies) them and laboured over them, should be absolved and a service in convent held for them. He should also hand to the brethren the books which they have occasion to use and to enter on his roll the titles of the books and the names of those who receive them. These when required are bound to give a surety for the tomes that they receive, nor may they lend them to others whether known or unknown without having first obtained permission from the Librarian. Nor ought the Librarian himself lend books unless he receive a pledge of equal value (to the book) and then he should enter on his roll the name of the borrower, the title of the book lent and the pledge taken. The larger and more valuable books he should not lend to anyone known or unknown without permission of the prelate. All writings of the Church whether written at home or abroad belong to his office, so that he has to provide the writers with parchment, ink, and everything else necessary for writing; and personally to hire those who write for money (i.e. scriveners brought in when their was too much work for the monks) Further for those brethren who can write, he shall provide in the cloister everything that they require for writing books of general use to the community, but they must on no account do this without leave from the Prelate. Nor should the writers themselves absent themselves from the Hours prescribed by the Rule unless special leave has been granted them by the Prelate, and then that permission and a statement of the Hours from which they may absent themselves should be specially recited before the convent in Chapter. Brethren must be careful never to write anything that they wish to keep to themselves as their own property, but by favour of the Prelate they may keep for their own use a book that they have written although they must not take it outside without consent from the Prelate. Books which are to be kept at hand for daily use, whether for singing or reading, ought to be kept in a common place to which all brethren have easy access to inspect and select anything which seems to them suitable. The books therefore ought not to be carried away into rooms or into corners outside the Cloister or the Church. The Librarian ought frequently to dust the books carefully and to repair them, and to check them, lets brethren should find any error or hindrance in the daily service of the Church whether in singing or reading. No other brother should erase or change anything in the books unless he has obtained consent from the Librarian. It is the duty of the Librarian to set down in the martyrology the names of Canons who die and the names of the athers and the mothers of Canons; but of no one else unless they should have been men of distinguished merit and the with consent of the Chapter their names should be written down. The press in which the books are kept should be line dinside with wood so that the damp from the walls will not moisten or stain the books. This press should be divided vertically as well as horizontally by sundry shelves on which the books may be ranged so as to be separated from one another, for fear that they will be packed so closely as to damage each other or cause delay for those that want them. Also as the books should be repaired, reviewed and taken care of by the Librarian, so they should be properly bound by him. |